Examples of this are Winston Churchill, to whom many political quotations of uncertain origin are attributed, and Oscar Wilde, to whom anonymous humorous quotations are sometimes attributed. Many quotations are routinely incorrect or attributed to the wrong authors, and quotations from obscure or unknown writers are often attributed to far more famous writers. Diaries and calendars often include quotations for entertainment or inspirational purposes, and small, dedicated sections in newspapers and weekly magazines-with recent quotations by leading personalities on current topics-have also become commonplace. Of these, Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations, The Yale Book of Quotations and The Macmillan Book of Proverbs, Maxims, and Famous Phrases are considered among the most reliable and comprehensive sources. Common sources įamous quotations are frequently collected in books that are sometimes called quotation dictionaries or treasuries. Pragmatically speaking, quotations can also be used as language games (in the Wittgensteinian sense of the term) to manipulate social order and the structure of society. Quotations are also commonly printed as a means of inspiration and to invoke philosophical thoughts from the reader. Quotations are used for a variety of reasons: to illuminate the meaning or to support the arguments of the work in which it is being quoted, to provide direct information about the work being quoted (whether in order to discuss it, positively or negatively), to pay homage to the original work or author, to make the user of the quotation seem well-read, and/or to comply with copyright law. They are also widely used in spoken language when an interlocutor wishes to present a proposition that they have come to know via hearsay.Ī quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a painting, scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition. Quotations are often used as a literary device to represent someone's point of view. Quotations are also used to present well-known statement parts that are explicitly attributed by citation to their original source such statements are marked with ( punctuated with) quotation marks. In written text, quotations are signaled by quotation marks. Quotations in oral speech are also signaled by special prosody in addition to quotative markers. For example: John said: "I saw Mary today". of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by a quotative marker, such as a verb of saying. In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. For other uses, see Quotation (disambiguation).Ī quotation is the repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written. For information about the punctuation mark, see Quotation mark. This article is about quoting text and speech.
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